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Tocopherol content of shea butter - HPLC
         Analysis by site and by climate
Mean concentration of a-tocopherol with climate zones. Mean concentration of a-tocopherol in shea butters from different climate zones.
Country
area
α-tocmg/g
climate
temp
°C
N
  
mean annual
temperature
mean α-toc
Uganda
North
29
Cool
20-22
10
Cameroon
Bangante
59
Cool
20-22
6
climate
o
mg/g
N
Cameroon
Foumban
61
Cool
20-22
4
cool
20-22
44
20
Senegal
Passi
65
Moderate
27-28
1
moderate
27-28
98
4
Ethiopia
Mender
65
Moderate
27-28
1
warm
29-31
145
59
Gambia
Esaw
97
Moderate
27-28
2
hot
32 +
299
8
Ghana
Savelugu
101
Warm
29-31
10
  
Mali
M'Peresso
111
Warm
29-31
10
Guinea
Fouta D'jalon
122
Cool
20-22
10
Burkina
Lan
151
Warm
29-31
9
Nigeria
Kontagora
160
Warm
29-31
10
Senegal
Kedougou
166
Moderate
27-28
1
Mali
Sebekoro
168
Warm
29-31
10
Burkina
Sapone
177
Warm
29-31
10
Cameroon
Kousseri
260
Hot
32-35
6
Chad
N'Djamena
414
Hot
32-35
2

 

Mean concentration of tocopherols in shea butters from different provenances.
 
mg/g of shea butter
Country
Site
α-toc
β-toc
γ-toc
δ-toc
total toc
N
  
Chad
N'Djamena
414
0
222
0
786
1
Cameroon
Kousseri
260
33
51
129
495
5
Nigeria
Kontagora
160
26
103
60
349
10
Gambia
Esaw
97
120
4
33
253
2
Senegal
Kedougou
166
0
20
47
233
1
Mali
Sebekoro
168
22
9
26
225
10
Guinea
Fouta
122
9
19
63
213
10
Burkina
Sapone
177
7
17
7
208
10
Burkina
Lan
136
10
16
23
200
9
Cameroon
Bangante
59
17
24
90
189
6
Ghana
Savelugu
101
23
12
49
184
10
Mali
M'Peresso
111
4
23
28
167
10
Uganda
Patongo
38
9
84
35
164
1
Cameroon
Foumban
61
5
29
34
129
4
Senegal
Passi
65
14
0
38
117
1
Uganda
Olilim
37
0
75
0
112
1
Uganda
Abim
30
9
37
21
96
2
Uganda
Okwang
23
9
46
0
78
1
Uganda
Adwari
25
8
0
35
68
1
Ethiopia
Gambella
65
0
0
0
65
1
Uganda
Kuju
35
4
0
5
44
2
   
mean concentration
112
16
38
34
208
   
mean relative percent
64
7
14
15
100
   
min site mean
23
0
0
0
44
   
max site mean
414
120
222
129
786
 
Tocopherols in shea butter - mg/g
   
Tocopherol Mean Min. Max. N
α-toc 112 0 420 103
β-toc 16 0 192 103
γ-to 30 0 497 103
δ-toc 40 0 373 103
Total 220 29 805 102
α-toc
β-toc
γ-toc
δ-toc
Acc #
Country
Village
μg/g oil
μg/g oil
μg/g oil
μg/g oil

1st α
2nd βγδ
Total
11
Uganda
not given
14
5
28
42
89
12
Uganda
Kuju
52
6
0
0
58
26
Uganda
Okwang
23
9
46
0
78
28
Uganda
Kuju
18
3
0
10
31
29
Uganda
Olilim
37
0
75
0
112
35
Uganda
not given
22
6
76
0
104
39
Uganda
Abim
36
7
42
0
85
41
Uganda
Adwari
25
8
0
35
68
44
Uganda
Patongo
38
9
84
35
164
61
Uganda
Abim
24
11
32
42
108
192
Burkina
Lan
150
11
9
0
170
197
Burkina
Lan
129
12
4
0
146
199
Burkina
Lan
169
9
22
40
240
200
Burkina
Lan
155
5
52
38
251
205
Burkina
Lan
119
12
9
0
139
206
Burkina
Lan
161
13
14
42
229
207
Burkina
Lan
199
5
7
50
261
210
Burkina
Lan
0
0
4
0
213
Burkina
Lan
161
22
7
0
190
215
Burkina
Lan
114
5
20
40
179
319
Burkina
Sapone
151
0
0
0
151
320
Burkina
Sapone
163
3
6
0
172
321
Burkina
Sapone
182
9
6
0
197
322
Burkina
Sapone
228
16
0
0
244
323
Burkina
Sapone
184
0
7
34
225
325
Burkina
Sapone
165
7
0
0
172
326
Burkina
Sapone
173
12
35
0
220
327
Burkina
Sapone
215
12
13
0
240
328
Burkina
Sapone
173
8
17
0
199
329
Burkina
Sapone
137
6
84
32
259
344
Nigeria
Kontagora
298
33
59
0
390
345
Nigeria
Kontagora
214
19
497
75
805
347
Nigeria
Kontagora
248
17
97
78
440
348
Nigeria
Kontagora
228
118
121
274
741
349
Nigeria
Kontagora
114
10
25
0
149
354
Nigeria
Kontagora
94
7
9
49
159
355
Nigeria
Kontagora
112
18
104
37
272
357
Nigeria
Kontagora
74
6
49
52
181
358
Nigeria
Kontagora
131
22
22
0
175
367
Nigeria
Kontagora
86
12
44
33
174
394
Mali
Sebekoro
111
53
17
109
290
395
Mali
Sebekoro
341
15
34
38
428
396
Mali
Sebekoro
152
26
5
0
182
397
Mali
Sebekoro
190
10
9
51
261
398
Mali
Sebekoro
155
10
13
0
178
399
Mali
Sebekoro
126
7
2
0
135
400
Mali
Sebekoro
168
3
1
0
171
401
Mali
Sebekoro
74
56
5
0
136
402
Mali
Sebekoro
136
29
6
59
230
403
Mali
Sebekoro
229
14
0
0
243
594
Mali
M'Peresso
54
0
17
0
71
595
Mali
M'Peresso
42
0
0
55
97
596
Mali
M'Peresso
161
7
64
0
233
597
Mali
M'Peresso
111
0
31
33
176
598
Mali
M'Peresso
37
0
17
41
95
599
Mali
M'Peresso
128
0
18
0
146
600
Mali
M'Peresso
344
8
25
53
430
601
Mali
M'Peresso
66
0
13
65
144
602
Mali
M'Peresso
94
0
14
35
143
603
Mali
M'Peresso
78
22
30
0
131
619
Ethiopia
Mender Sebafi*
65
0
0
0
65
620
Senegal
Passi
65
14
0
38
117
621
Senegal
Kedougou
166
0
20
47
233
627
Guinea
Mali
128
0
22
0
150
628
Guinea
Mali
42
0
13
0
55
629
Guinea
Mali
263
14
18
148
443
630
Guinea
Mali
289
0
64
125
478
631
Guinea
Mali
89
5
8
72
174
632
Guinea
Mali
142
0
10
40
192
633
Guinea
Mali
36
0
0
0
36
634
Guinea
Mali
38
0
50
0
88
635
Guinea
Mali
92
32
0
205
329
636
Guinea
Mali
101
35
6
41
182
656
Gambia
Esaw
111
192
0
65
368
657
Gambia
Esaw
82
48
8
0
138
719
Ghana
Savelugu
126
60
0
53
238
720
Ghana
Savelugu
72
12
1
38
124
721
Ghana
Savelugu
95
20
3
40
158
722
Ghana
Savelugu
111
26
0
85
223
723
Ghana
Savelugu
108
12
0
0
119
724
Ghana
Savelugu
97
19
6
0
122
725
Ghana
Savelugu
57
9
26
68
161
726
Ghana
Savelugu
84
0
83
49
217
727
Ghana
Savelugu
127
51
0
108
286
728
Ghana
Savelugu
129
17
0
44
190
729
Cameroon
Foumban
76
11
61
63
211
730
Cameroon
Foumban
90
0
20
37
148
731
Cameroon
Foumban
48
8
35
36
127
732
Cameroon
Foumban
29
0
0
0
29
733
Cameroon
Bangante
51
0
16
45
113
734
Cameroon
Bangante
61
0
22
0
82
735
Cameroon
Bangante
56
74
43
311
483
736
Cameroon
Bangante
81
29
42
181
333
737
Cameroon
Bangante
59
0
0
0
59
738
Cameroon
Bangante
46
0
19
0
66
739
Cameroon
Kousseri
174
53
35
224
486
740
Cameroon
Kousseri
314
0
0
0
314
741
Cameroon
Kousseri
296
0
22
49
367
742
Cameroon
Kousseri
425
0
138
0
563
743
Cameroon
Kousseri
199
110
62
373
744
744
Chad
N'Djamena
563
0
222
0
786
745
Chad
N'Djamena
264
0
0
0
264
749
Cameroon
Kousseri
153
0
0
0
153
α-toc
β-toc
γ-toc
δ-toc
Total
131.2
15.6
30.3
40.4
219.6
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